John Thomas

In reply to your letter dated 23 May 1962, I wish to advise that it was John Thomas, my father, who was the first man to select a secured tenure of land in Lobs Hole. 2,840 acres was the limit the Crown allowed any one man to select in those days, and my father was the second son of the original James Thomas, who came out from England in 1792 and selected land at Narellan in the Camden district. He married an Irish girl who emigrated to Australia from County Clare, Ireland. He named his farm "The Oaks" and it is a well-known name in that district today.

It was on this selection that they reared a family of 6 sons and 2 daughters, who were destined to play such an important part in the development of Kiandra and Lobs Hole. At the time he lived there, transport was the greatest problem confronting this young family, and bullock teams was the only method at their disposal to get food and material into the back blocks of the country. Therefore, he built up three bullock teams and three drays over the period, and when the Kiandra gold fields broke out, my grandfather and three of his sons took their three bullock teams to Twofold Bay. He bought three loads of everything including food that would be required on the gold fields.

To get there they had to climb over almost impossible country, including the old road of the Tangerwandler Mountain, which was almost perpendicular in places by putting the three teams on to the one dray. They were able to get them to the top of this mountain, one at a time, then over the Brown mountains, which were almost as bad and they eventually arrived at Kiandra. This was carried on until late into the second year.

They arrived in Kiandra in May and got their leading delivered, when it started to snow. Next morning there was about a foot of snow on the ground, the bullocks had disappeared, they had several large bells on, but none could be heard, so they looked around until they came upon their tracks in the snow, and these bullocks made a B-line to the tops of the range overlooking Lobs Hole. They followed their tracks down the mountain and eventually caught up with the bullocks down under the snow lines, feeding peacefully on good pastures. Incredible as this seems to be, no one could ever understand how a dumb animal could take the straight and shortest way to get out of the snow. They left them there and went back to Kiandra, as it was of no use taking them back into the snow.

They then packed their surplus provisions in the local store and carried camping gear and provisions down into Lobs Hole proper. When they arrived on Yarrongabilly River which runs through Lobs Hole, they found rich fertile flats and open ridges, all with good grass on them, so they went back and brought the bullocks down into Lobs Holes. Their father came with them on this occasion, and with his past experience of developing his own property, he showed them how to build a log hut, strip the bark and cover the roof. They stayed there until the snow thawed, then went back to Kiandra and took their drays out.

The following year, they brought three more loads from Twofold Bay. When they landed in Kiandra, they camped about a mile from the town. That night grandfather and one of the boys went into the town of Kiandra, or intended to go, and on the way down in the dark, my grandfather walked into a diggers hole about 6ft deep and in the fall he burst a blood vessel and died on the spot. That left the whole responsibility on the three brothers, James, John and Samuel. James did not like the carrying business, so my father John bought his team.

The Kiandra goldfields were booming in those days, and my mother's father, John Belcher, who emigrated from America, was an engineer and well versed in saw-milling. Father, having two teams of bullocks and my grandfather having the "know-how" of building and running saw mills. They entered into partnership and erected a sawmill, which they ran in partnership for several years. At that saw mill practically all the timber for Adaminaby and Kiandra was cut.

This mill was up in the snow belt and could only be worked for about six months in the year, so father selected 2,560 acres in Lobs Hole, to have winter country for the bullocks used for log hauling and delivering timber. The family would reside at the mill for about six months of the year and go to Lobs Hole during the winter months. During these winter months he would take the leading hands from the sawmill to Lobs Hole to help him erect buildings, fence the selection and clear the land. He named the property "Sheep Hill Station".

There was some very fertile land where the homestead was, and he soon had a first class orchard established with every kind of fruit growing to perfection. They clear country and established a good vegetable garden. With milking cows, greens and poultry we were living on the fat of the land.

Schooling was then the main problem, as Kiandra was the closest school, which was over nine miles, we were then sent to board at Kiandra where my early school days were spent. After three years, Lobs Hole began to develop and there were enough children to start a Provisional School. I spent the remainder of my school days there spending all my holidays on the roads with my father and his teams.

I note in your letter you are asking for information as to the history of Lobs Hole. It would be practically impossible to give you a true picture of the history of Lobs Hole without including part of the history of Kiandra, which is entirely another question, and to give you a history of both would cover a book, so I am confining my remarks as near as possible to my own personal experience and observations.

As the Alluvial mines in Kiandra were slowly cutting out, and the harsh winters there, many were leaving the district. This affected the saw milling industry, together with the fact that another saw mill was established at the foot of Conner's Hill. This made the competition in the milling industry very keen, so when that industry was closing, the copper mines at Lobs Hole started to work, this put a new industry on the door-step of our selection.

Three enterprising young men opened up the Lobs Hole copper mine, named Harry Beekman, Julius Forstrum and William Forrester. They sank a shaft on the load of copper that was evident to the surface, the deeper the shaft; the wider the copper lead became. When they got down about 60ft the seepage of water troubled them, as they had no pumping gear, and had to bail with a hand windless and bucket. They also had to haul all their copper etc to the top by one windless. So they started to drive along the side of the load and were getting a fair quantity of copper out, and soon had a good quantity of copper piled at the surface. Then the question arose as to how to get it to market.

My father took the contact to remove it all to Gundagai Railway. It was a colossal task to get it out of Lobs Hole. As it had to be taken up over that is known as the Toll Bar Road, which was almost perpendicular in some places. We had two drays and put 50 cwt on each fray when 18 bullocks could pull one dray over all the hills with the exception of the Toll Bar, we had to double back there and put 26 bullocks to pull it up the Toll Bar, and by this method we were able to take out approx 50cwt per day on each dray, equal to 5 tons on each trip. But when we got to the top of the mountain we could only take half a load from there to the Main Road, through Yarrongabilly, dump that on the road and get the other half. This method went on for several years.

In the meantime a man named Charles Blackman had selected a full block alongside my fathers sheep station property. He had a family of 5 children of school age. This rose the status of our school. He fenced and improved his property. In the meantime the copper mines put on a double shift to work the mine. Many workers were married men with families, so that helped the school again. With the extra men working underground, the old hand windless became a real problem. The syndicate then decided to put in a steam plant which was capable of doing all the hauling and pumping. This was bought and eventually arrived at Gundagai. By this time I was of age to drive one of the teams.

My father and I got the contract to deliver this plant to the mine. The boiler was 6ft in diameter and 10 ft long. A very top-heavy load to haul over such rough country. So the miners agreed to help us bring it into Lobs Hole. We had to come round some steep grades and could only prevent it from capsizing by having two long levers chained on to the top side of the wagon and six men swinging on those levers. We eventually got to the top of the Toll Bar, where there was 15chn of almost perpendicular mountain where we had to take that down. The miners supplied a very long steel rope 3/4" thick, this was tied to the back axle of the wagon, put twice around the butt of a huge tree and with the four wheels of the brakes screwed up we hauled it gently over the summit. Next we tied a huge tree on to the back axle and put a sapling through the two back wheels to lock them, we proceeded down the mountain, landed the Boiler at the bottom of this steep incline without a hitch. We then had the heaviest load ever attempted on the other wagon, all the pumping gear, winches, etc, which was 1 ton heavier than ever attempted previously, but having a bigger steel rope than we ever had before, we decided to give it a go.

All went well until we got within about 8chn of the bottom when the wheel ruts had been washed out and had no loose gravel to grip on, the wagon started to gain momentum, the men on the wire rope kept increasing the pressure on the wire rope to steady the wagon, until the rope cut into the wood of the tree and jammed, then broke. The wagon gained speed and ran on to the bullocks piling them in heaps and two were under the front carriage of the wagon when it stopped. We had to cut yolks to free the bullocks, six bullocks in front of the team the wagon passed, and we used those six bullocks to pull them out of the tangled mess. We finally sorted them all out, the two under the wagon were dead, another with legs broke and had to be destroyed and several injured.

There was one redeeming feature, we were over the worst of the road, so we called that a day. It was the only accident we ever had during the many years carting into Lobs Hole. So the next day, we mustered reinforcements of bullocks, of which we had plenty, then brought them to the scene of the accident. The following day we landed the steam plant at the mine safe and sound.

Next a man named Frank Brown came along a wanted to buy father's Sheep Station Hill property for the purpose of breeding horses suitable for transport in Sydney, as there were no motor lorries in those days and all deliveries had to be made by horse and lorry. My father eventually sold his property, and also sold him a snow lease held at the "Eight Mile Dam". This dam was built to work an open cut gold mine known as the 'Eight Mile Claim".

This dam is still there and is situated approx 3 miles on the Kiandra side of the Cabramurra Road. Frank Brown build a summer residence for his Manager, John McGregor, close to the Eight Mile Dam, also yards and stables to handle the horses and graze them for the summer months. John McGregor then selected another full block in Lobs Hole, adjoining this property, then my father having sold his Sheep Station Property became eligible to take up 2,000 acres closer to the Yarrongabilly River, there he build a good residence on "Sheep Station Creek" which he named that property after.

There was a stock route running through Lobs Hole, which was never used. It had fertile flats from the copper mine to where it junctioned into the Tumut River. Father had his eyes on that stock route with the idea of getting it canceled and added to his Sheep Station Creek property. He got up a petition to have the stock route altered to go through the station over O'Hares Hill and to the Tumut River where Sue City is now situated. He also applied to the Government to build a bridge across the river at that point. All the lease holders signed the petition to have the alterations made and a bridge built over the Tumut River to give the sheep owners of the leases an outlet from the Snowy Mountains through Tumbarumba. This was immediately granted and the Government called tenders for the bridge.

The successful tenderer immediately approached father to bring his bridge building plant from Gundagai on to the new site where the bridge was to be built. This had to come through Tumbarrumba and when he landed on the top of the site overlooking the bridge there was no possible way to go straight down so it had to be taken down a ridge about a mile upstream from the bridge site. All went well until he got about 15chn off the bottom, which was almost perpendicular. He arranged with the contractor to supply long 2" hemp ropes which were tied to the back axle and 3 men on each end of those ropes which were twice around a tree, the wheels locked and a huge tree on behind. We slowly but surely landed the bridge plants on the flat below. The men helping threw their hats in the air and gave three cheers, but one quiet observer said "but how are you ever going to get the wagon out."

It was also arranged in the contract that the bridge builders was to cut a road around gradually creeping up to the point of this hill and then zig zagging to the top of the ridge. So we had no trouble getting the wagon out. The bridge contractors had the plant on the job, but had not made any definite arrangements about the hauling of the bridge timber, which had to be brought from Paddy's River, about 16 miles away. So my father then agreed to haul the timber.

That meant we had two contracts on our hands, shifting the copper and hauling the bridge timber. In order to overcome this difficulty we employed a man and 10 packhorses to carry the copper from the mine to the top of the Toll Bar. This turned out to be a huge success and the packhorses could take it out as fast as the miners could haul it up with the steam plant. The one team left on the copper carting had a much quicker turn around and was able to keep the copper away reasonably well until the other team had finished carting the material to build the bridge.

When the bridge was built it proved to be a boon to the sheep owners and the stock route down the river from Lobs Hole was no longer required. Father made application to have it revoked and added to his 8,000 acre property, which built him up to a full area. From then on, we had two flats we cleared one, sowed with oats, the other for maise, pumpkins and potatoes. We were able to supply all the miner's requirements.

The steam plant was now working smoothly and the miners getting the copper to the surface quicker, but with the team of 10 pack horses we were able to cope with all the demands made upon us of shifting the copper to Gundagai. By this time my elder brother, George was driving one team and I was driving the other, thus leaving father more time to take care of the home and cattle. He then started a butchering business, which made a market for our cattle on the hook. So we had a complete team working amongst ourselves.

All went well until the 20th August 1901. I will never forget that if I live to be 100. We were coming back to Lobs Hole with the two teams to lift the winter stock pile of copper, we camped close to Blowering Station. My brother decided to cross the river to visit some friends. The river was running very strong at the time, so he asked the two Lambert boys to show him the best crossing, they decided to go with him to see him across the river safely. One of the Lambert boys rode across the river and George followed him, after crossing the main, As Lambert turned his horse to go back, the horse my brother was riding was only partly broken in, and wanted to turn back and follow, when he was held with the reins he reared on his hind legs and fell over backwards on top of my brother. He evidently had his skull fractured in the fall. The river washed him down into a big whirlpool in the bend and he never rose again. After six days search the body was found about 2 miles down stream.

From then on, we had to employ a driver for one team, and business went on as usual, but the whole management and responsibility fell on my shoulders. I was then 17 years of age and when it came to keeping books and business principles, the ordinary public school education was now sufficient. So I took up a correspondence class and studied commercial law. In those studies the first portion, double entry book keeping and business principles which helped me considerably in my occupation. I eventually completed the course, which has helped me through life.

All went smoothly in our business until 1903 when the bottom fell out of the copper mines. So the miners decided not to raise any more copper to the surface. They sank the shaft deeper, the drow tunnels along the edge of the copper load, to open it up and if the price rose to its normal level, they could get the copper out much quicker and if not they would have a better chance of selling it to a company, which they eventually did.

The manager of that company expressed the view, that by putting in a larger water plant to do the hoisting and pumping to build a smelter to take the slag from the copper and by cutting a road on to the main Gundagai highway at what is known as Middle Creek, they would shorten the rougher part of the road and the carriers could take half a wagon load per time, this would cut the transport export expense.

This idea no doubt would have been successful I the price of copper had risen. But it did not rise. So the company estimated it would take ten years to put the mine into full production, so that put an end to the copper carting for at least two years. The company did not want the steam plant, as they intended putting the bigger water plant in its place, this plant was too valuable to leave there to rust, so we eventually agreed with the original miner to take it back to Gundagai with their assistance.

We took the first two load of approx 4 tons up the Toll Bar in two drays, then it came to the big haul to take this boiler up. It had to be taken out on a dray also. It was a very top heavy load. We put 28 bullocks on to this load and eventually got it out safely to the main road and it fell to my lot to drive the team with the awkward load. I eventually got to Gundagai. I then left the copper mines for 2 years and took the teams into the wheat and chaff district. There was a big demand for carriers and I did exceptionally well.

Then a big drought overtook the district, the crops failed. When the wool season was finished I came back to Lobs Hole and on my way back I picked up two very high loads of large pipes, when were to convey the water from the channel head down to the mine level for the purpose of driving the turbines and pumps. By this time the smelter was almost complete, the road cut into Lobs Hole, and it looked like a hive of industry.

They eventually had everything working to schedule and for about two years Lobs Hole made great headway. When the mines were working and the smelter, the carting of copper started to move again and for 2 years they put a lot of copper through the smelting works.

One of the original miners had every confidence in the success of the copper mines, applied for a license and built a huge hotel, a police station was built, so it seemed like a prosperous place. I then selected another 2,500 acres on the southern side of Lobs Hole, therefore my father was the first man to select in Lobs Hole and I was the last.

I fenced the land and improved but it meant I would have to stay there 5 years before I got full title to the land. In 1909 I was married in Coolamon and took my wife there as a bride. We were very happy there and things were prospering until 1918 when all the copper opened up by the previous miners had been taken out and the company had spent most of their available capital on the surface and had not sufficient money to further develop the mine.

Rabbits came there in countless millions, which practically destroyed our winter feed, which meant we had to take our bullocks to the Riverina during winter for grass. We then decided to sell out. Buyers were very hard to get in that country, so we eventually exchanged the Lobs Hole property for a property in West Wyalong.

In April 1913 I loaded my furniture on to the bullock wagon and left Lobs Hole I then entered into an occupation of farming and grazing and professional land valuer, which I have successfully carried on since. Today, my wife and myself have 79 years of pioneering work behind us and I am pleased to say we are both well and happy and hope to spend may more years of our life together.

Seventy years ago, the sheltered valleys of the Yarrongabilly River supported one of the many lusty pioneering communities that toiled and sweated their way through Australia's early history. The soft deep folds and sheer rock walls of the surrounding hills echoed with the crack of whips and the ring of axes; the rivers were splashed with and muddied with the crossing and recrossing of bullock teams; and the gravel and rocks of the valley floor were crushed and washed for gold. And in the mornings, the warmth of the sun spreading from the mountain ridges down to the pastures below brought to these courageous people a deep love of the valley that was their home.

The valley sheltered them; the valley provided water and food for their stock and timber for their homes. The rest they could do for themselves. From Kiandra and Yarrongabilly they had made their way down to Lobs Hole with bullock wagons and packhorses heavily laden with food and tools and blankets. The women and elder children rode on the horses or on top of the load and the younger children were carried in boxes strung on either side of the packsaddles.

Camping under the wagon at night, they travelled slowly over the well defined bullock tracks of the plateau to the final descent past the Three-Mile Dam or down the steep slopes of the Toll Bar Ridge where bullock teams had to be lowered with wire ropes.

One of these early settlers was John Thomas of Camden who came to Lobs Hole in late in the 1840's. Approaching the valley from Kiandra, he kept to the left bank of the Yarrongabilly River and built his home beneath Sheep Station Hill. It was a large wooden……….Thomas made a bullock track up to the house and in the side of the hill he cut out a small storage space for butter and eggs. He and his wife then settled down to life in this pleasant fertile valley where people worked long and hard yet frequently lived to be over 90.

Thomas went in for cattle and during the long days of summer, he rode around his stock as they grazed on the unfenced pasture of the snow country. Every autumn the cattle were mustered and driven down to the shelter of Lobs Hole. When winter stocks of food had been brought in and snow lay deep on the surrounding hills, Thomas and his neighbours had time to visit one another and to spend long evenings in front of the fire discussing the affairs of the valley and swapping the latest news from the Kiandra gold fields.

John Thomas's first two children were sons. Then in 1884, 50 miles from a doctor and attended by an untrained woman, his wife gave birth to their eldest daughter, Olive. Olive was born with talipes of both feet. Her toes were pointing upwards and her feet lay along her shin bones. Her father long accustomed to relying on his own ingenuity, improvised splints from the stiff covers of a book and bound up his daughter's feet. They grew to be quite normal and it was only much later when Olive was training to be a nurse that she had any further trouble.

A second daughter, Tasmania, was born two years later and was still very young when their mother died, leaving the two children to the care of a series of housekeepers. One of Olive's earliest memories was the wedding of one of these housekeepers to John Gilbert, her father's stockman. The bridegroom was said to be 90 years old - the first white child to be born in Melbourne. The parson who performed the ceremony came from Tumut and the bride and groom rode to Yarrongabilly Village to meet him. It was a grand wedding. The verandahs of the Thomas's house were enclosed with tarpaulins and there were horses tied to every fence and tree. Never before had the children seen such a gathering or such a spread of food.

Being several years younger than their brothers, Olive and Tas relied on each other for companionship and the happiness of those early years was only marred by the normal childhood illness which in that secluded valley, constituted a crisis difficult to appreciate today. Olive, when she was still a very small child, caught German measles. As was usual in those days, the windows in her room were kept tightly closed. She was not allowed anything to drink and a large fire was kept burning day and night. She became desperately ill and for some time her life seemed in danger. Greatly alarmed, her father……Tas finally went down to the creek and filled two bottles. Olive drank it all and the bottles were refilled again and again. Later that evening their father returned afraid to ask if his daughter was still alive.

He had ridden a hundred miles in one day and at the last river crossing his horse had put his foot in a hole and fallen, rolling over on Thomas and injuring his neck. But the strain of the day fell from him as he went to Olive's bedside and found she was better. By giving her sister plenty to drink, Tas had anticipated the doctor's instructions. The windows were flung open and the patient slowly recovered. By the time Olive was allowed to get up again, the leaves had fallen from the fruit trees and Lobs Hole had settled down for the longest and most severe winter the children could remember.

The family's winter food supplies brought into the valley each year before May 24 were calculated with a wide margin. But this particular year, the snow remained on the encircling hills longer than ever before and the food situation became serious. Finally Thomas's elder son George set off with a packhorse for Kiandra via the frozen Three-Mile Lake. It was a long slow journey with the horses sinking deeply into the snow at every step. In the evening when George still hadn't returned Thomas and the other children took lanterns and climbed up out of the valley on foot, calling as they went.

Finally they received a faint reply and George appeared out of the night with a laden packhorse and a badly frostbitten foot. The winter dragged on and although the snow finally melted from the mountains the summer was weak and uncertain. One Christmas morning the children work to see the cherry trees already laden with fruit bent low under a heavy fall of snow.

When Olive and Tas reached school age their father sent them to Kiandra to attend the little school on Township Hill and to board with their Aunt Mary who lived in a fine house surrounded by tall poplar trees. During the winter when snow lay deep in the ..... George would put on his snowshoes and carry his sisters on his back up the hill to the school. Later, when they were older, Olive and Tas had snowshoes of their own. These snowshoes were home made and were waxed with a substance known as Moke. The shoes were held on by a single strap over the foot and to each was attached a cord. The other end of the cord was fastened to the wearer's belt so that the shoe could be easily recovered if it fell off.

During the summers spent in Kiandra the children swam in the Mill Hole - a wide deep section of the Eucumbene on the Tumut side of the town; they watched the mustering of brumbies on Long Plain and wandered among the gold diggings playing in the water…..Kiandra in those days was still a prosperous town. The first boom of the gold rush had passed but the streets were lined the shops there were two hotels, a dance hall, courthouse and jail, and many fine houses.

The Chinese population of the town lived down by the river, and the children never ceased to be fascinated by the customs of these strange people. They were irresistibly drawn to the cemetery after each Chinese funeral to see the roast pigs and the sweets, which were left behind the grave and the piles of crackers, which were lit from the bottom and went off in a series of coloured explosions. On one occasion the sight of so many sweets lying abandoned on the grass was too much for the little girls. They waited until the mourners had gone and took some home. Their Aunt was naturally horrified. Although it was dark, she sent them straight back to return the sweets to the grave. The dark walk back to the lonely cemetery was punishment enough.

The children had not been in Kiandra more than a year when their father brought them home and put them in the care of a tutor. Just out from Ireland the tutor, Mr Menzies considered the crude health of his two charges to be unladylike. In an attempt to make them pass and genteel, he does them every morning at eleven a… with turpentine. Tas was the first to rebel. She told her father and the unlucky Mr Menzies was given a month's notice.

Fortunately it was about this time that the parents of Lobs Hole clubbed together to build a small provisional school. Olive and Tas attended for several years. They still remember in the winter picking a flower from their garden and leaving it overnight in a small pool of water. Next morning it would be frozen in a solid block of ice ready to be presented to the teacher. In the afternoons when school was out their playground was the valley with rivers to fish and swim, …which hated the eastern end of the valley.

There were gold diggings to visit and prospectors to talk to and it was an enterprising child who didn't possess a matchbox full of gold, which was compared and bartered like marbles. There was the excitement of watching the bullock teams being lowered of the rock face of the Toll Bar by .. surplus stockmen as they made the final descent of .. Crossing with wheels chocks and brakes full on. In the evenings when the men came home and set with their legs stretched out in front of the huge stone fireplace there were stories to listen to. They told the tale of the big blue-gray wallaroo which came silently up behind George when he was out shooting and pinned his arms to his side; there was the ..story of the dead butcher O'Hare who it was said could be seen on moonlit nights riding over the hills with his head under his arm.

Inevitably the… another favorite topic was the heavy winter when the cattle had been caught by an early fall of snow. According to one of the miners, "the snow was so deep in Kiandra that I had to sit on top of a telegraph pole to tighten my shoes". Then I moped about and suddenly looked down and there , so help me, was Mother Mary, the publican's wife frying steak.

There was no end to the tales from the goldfields and sooner or later, visitors would hear the story of the family with three teenage sons. One evening, so the story went, when the sons were out at a dance, an old married couple selling vegetables called at their home. The boys' parents offered the old couple the big double bed usually occupied by their sons. Two of the boys came home early from the dance and realising what had happened went to sleep in another room but when the third boy came home late, he crept in quietly and got into the double bed as usual. In the morning he woke up entangled in the old woman's hair and found that he had spent the night sleeping between husband and wife.

Everyone dropped in to see John Thomas and his family. His was the largest house in Lobs Hole and his hospitality never failed. The aspiring politicians dropped in and stayed to address whoever cared to listen; the police and black tracker from Tumbarrumba dropped in sometimes for a chat and on one occasion with a warning that the murderer of Constable Guilfoyle had been seen in the mountains. Clergymen of all denominations called to conduct services, which were attended by everyone in the valley. From time to time, Indian hawkers rode down the Toll Bar and at the sight of their silks and ribbons and bright jewelry, Olive and Tas quickly overcame their distinctive fear of the strange brown faces.

The two girls were alone a great deal particularly in the summer months. One memorable morning after the men had left with the dangers of playing with their usual warnings about fire or ?? Olive suggested a walk over Sheep Station Hill to visit their former housekeeper, Mrs Gilbert. There had been very little rain that year and the grass was long and dry. "I wonder" said Tas, "if it would burn?" She dropped a lighted match and almost immediately the grass at their feet burst into flames. Terrified they tried to stamp it out. But it was useless and they were forced to turn and run for their lives. Very soon the whole hillside was ablaze. The flames followed them up the hill and down to their home on the other side. Snatching up a few belonging, the girls rushed for shelter between the rocky walls of the creek.

The fire completely destroyed their home and took the men a week to put it out. John Thomas built another house further down Sheep station Hill on the banks of Sheep Station Creek. Then he packed his daughters off to school at Yarrongabilly Village. Olive and Tas boarded with Mrs Gibbs at Jounama Station and rode four and a half miles to school every day. Sometimes they walked and competed to see how many snakes they could kill on the way. When they reached High School age they went to board with friends in Tumut and for four years saw very little of Lobs Hole.

On the few occasions when they did come home, they travelled as far as Yarrongabilly Village by coach - Tas on one occasion making the coach two hours late by reading lurid extracts form "A Bad Boys Diary" to the coachman as he drove up the Talbingo Hill. When their schooling was finished the two girls came home to help in the house. By this time copper mining had started in the valley. There were three main shafts, a drive going right under the river and a flying fox going over it. The copper bearing rock was hauled to the surface in great iron buckets then crushed and melted into blocks. The blocks were then loaded on packhorses who toiled up the Toll Bar to the plateau above. Near the road, the blocks were unloaded and stock piled until there were enough to fill a bullock wagon for the comparatively easy run down to Tumut.

The miners camped in tents or built themselves rough huts. For meals, they had the choice of two boarding houses. The mine manager and his assistants lived in comfortable houses built overlooking the mine workings and the river. This influx of population added greatly to the social life of the valley. There were cricket matches on the flats beside the river, tennis courts were built and the boarding houses were renowned for their gay parties. Dances and parties meant very little to Olive. Even after she had left school she preferred riding and shooting to social activities. Tas on the other hand thought nothing of packing her best frock and shoes in a saddlebag and riding ? miles up to Kiandra for a dance in the local hall. She and a school friend, Sylvia would ride up the narrow track that leads around the rocky faces of the "walls". After the long ride, they would change in one of the hotels and then hurry to join the crowd of young people - shepherds, drovers, prospectors and tourists - who were already dancing ……..violins and mouth organs.

During their visit, Mrs McMiles and Mrs Bellingham mentioned that B…This track down the Walls certainly corresponds with the description of the hazardous route down the rocky cliffs used by Captain Starlight and his followers. Race days, too, were great occasions in Kiandra. Horses were imported from Adaminaby, Tumut and Cooma. The ladies wore bright sashes on their frocks, there were bookies and the gum trees … woman on horseback with one child on their lap and others clinging to their waist as they cantered up the main street and out to the racecourse. In the winter there were the snow show races. Rollicking affairs according to a local poet ….

Shortly after Olive and Tas returned home from school their father engaged a lovely and competent housekeeper whom he later married. The girls were very fond of their stepmother and it was a great blow to whole family when she died in the Tumut Hospital having two little boys - aged three and one. Tas, then only 17, took over the responsibility of bringing up her stepbrothers. Olive in the meantime had married. She had first met her future husband when she was 14. She was, even then, an experienced horsewoman, and on one occasion when the men were away mustering, she was deputed to see a visiting drover, William Speer, through the run.

Later, when Olive was 17 and William Speer became the manager of a Riverina Estate, they met again at a ball. A year later they were married with a wedding ring made from gold found at Lobs Hole. A few years after Olive had left for the western plains, Tas married Albert Bellingham - a young man who had come to the mountains for his health. After the fire which destroyed his first homestead John Thomas had sold part of his run to a Mr Brown. Brown started horsebreeding and built a large house on the eastern sloped of Sheep Station Hill. Mack McGregor was appointed manager and with him came Bert Bellingham then a very delicate youth. The climate of Lobs Hole however soon restored the young man's health and for many years he spent the summer in a small hut beside 8-Mile Dam (Dry Dam) looking after Brown's stud horses.

When Tas was 18 she became his wife. Like Olive, she was christened, confirmed and married in the Tumut Anglican Church. The young couple remained in the mountains for several years after their wedding and then left for Sydney. So it was 50 years ago that Olive and Tas left Lobs Hole. When they returned as guests of the Snowy Mountains Authority, the people and the life they had known had vanished almost without trace.

On the Cooma side of Kiandra, a long poplar tree was all that remained of the Aunt Mary's house. The school on the hill had disappeared, so had the dance hall, the stores, the hotels and practically all the houses. …..had silted up and become almost indistinguishable from the rest of the river. But the change was greatest in Lobs Hole itself. The mines had closed many years before when the price of copper dropped and the shafts were abandoned and overgrown. The mine manager's house, where Olive aged 18 had been given a garden party to celebrate her forthcoming marriage was still standing but had fallen into disrepair. The tents and huts of the miners had gone and stone chimneys and a few scattered timbers were all that remained of the boarding houses.

Occasional glimpses of poplars and fruit trees were the only indication of the homes and families that had made up that prosperous community. From the copper mines, Olive and Tas followed the river down to Wilsons Crossing. There, from the ruins of the Abode Hotel, they turned towards Sheep Station Hill and walked slowly up the overgrown path that followed the course of the Sheep Station Creek. A kangaroo on the hillside stopped to watch them as they passed. Half a mile up the track on the banks of the creek the walls of an old wooden house leant drunkenly inwards. The roof and flooring had gone and timbers were rotting on the thick damp grass. In the garden, a few flowers were struggling for existence among the weeds. Two old trees were bent low with unpicked fruit.

Standing side by side, the two sisters struggled to keep back the tears as they gazed down on the ruins of their old home. But despite the rotting timbers and the overgrown tracks, they knew in their hearts that the spirit of John Thomas and his neighbours could never be erased. The memory of them would remain to walk in the valley, not furtively by moonlight like the ghost of O'Hare, but boldly and openly in the sunlit pastures that they loved.

1. James Thomas was born in 1792 in Yorkshire, England and died in 1862 at age 70.

Notes: James Thomas aged 25 was found guilty of a burglary committed at the house of Richard Cryer the elder, situated at Thorner in the county of York between 12 at night and 2 in the morning of Friday 16^th July 1819.
Tried at York assizes 24^th July 1819 - ID Number 3483, sentenced to death, later must have had this changed to the term - life, as his transport papers indicated. Gaol Delivery convicted 17 February 1820 Term Life and James Thomas was transported aboard the convict ship 'Agamemnon' that sailed from England 3^rd May 1820 - arriving in Sydney, New South Wales 22^nd September 1820 at the age of 26.
Information supplied by Marg Denley [mldargyll@bigpond.com]

He selected land at Narellan in the Camden district.

James married Mary Daley on March 5, 1836 in Presbyterian Church, Maitland, NSW.¹ Mary was born circa 1814 in Ireland and died in 1886 in Tumut, NSW^² at age 72.

Marriage Notes: On their 'Application of Convicts to Marry 1833 -1837' COD. 12 - dated 8^th February 1836 it gives James Thomas's age as 42 and Mary Daly's age as 22. James Thomas married Mary Daly/Daley at Scots Church, Maitland on the 5^th March 1836 as per the marriage certificate Number 417 Vol 123.
Information supplied by Marg Denley [mldargyll@bigpond.com]

Notes: Mary Daly aged 19 was tried at Cork City, Co Cork, Ireland in November 1833 and convicted of stealing clothes and sentenced to 7 years she was transported on the convict ship 'Andromeda' on the 25^th May 1834 and arriving Sydney, NSW on the 17^th September 1834
On their 'Application of Convicts to Marry 1833 -1837' COD. 12 - dated 8^th February 1836 it gives James Thomas's age as 42 and Mary Daly's age as 22
Information supplied by Marg Denley [mldargyll@bigpond.com]

2 F i. Mary Ann Thomas was born in 1836 in NSW^³ and died on February 16, 1904 in Tumut, NSW^⁴ at age 68.

3 M ii. James Thomas was born on October 8, 1843 in Camden, NSW,^⁵ was baptised on March 18, 1849 in Picton Parish, NSW, died on March 29, 1911 in Tumut, NSW^⁶ at age 67, and was buried on March 29, 1911 in Tumut Cemetery, NSW.

4 M iii. John Thomas was born in 1845 in Camden, NSW^⁷ and died in 1926 in West Wyalong, NSW^⁸ at age 81.

5 M iv. Abraham Thomas was born in 1848 in NSW^⁹ and died in 1923 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰ at age 75.

6 M v. Samuel Thomas was born in 1850 in NSW,^¹¹ was baptised on August 4, 1850 in St. John's Church of England, Camden, NSW, and died in 1884 in Cooma, NSW^¹² at age 34.

7 M vii. George William Thomas was born on March 28, 1852 in "Cherith Oaks", Camden, NSW,^¹⁴ died on June 1, 1928 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁵ at age 76, and was buried in Wagga Wagga Cemetery, NSW.

2. Mary Ann Thomas (James¹) was born in 1836 in NSW^³ and died on February 16, 1904 in Tumut, NSW^⁴ at age 68.

Mary married Stephen Elphick,¹⁶ son of James Elphick and Elizabeth Casham, on July 15, 1856 in Brownlow Hill Chapel, Camden, NSW.¹⁷ Stephen was born in 1834 in Lewes, Sussex, England and died on September 28, 1909 in Tumut, NSW at age 75.

8 M i. James Elphick was born on February 12, 1857 in Camden, NSW^¹⁸ and died in 1942 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹ at age 85.

9 M ii. William Henry Elphick was born in 1858 in Camden, NSW^²⁰ and died on February 11, 1947 in Tumut, NSW^²¹ at age 89.

10 M iii. Stephen Henry Elphick was born in 1860 in Yass, NSW^²² and died on September 11, 1928 in Tumut, NSW^²³ at age 68.

F iv. Jane Elphick was born in 1862 in Yass, NSW^²⁴ and died in 1866 in Gundagai, NSW^²⁵ at age 4.

F v. Mary Ann Elphick was born in 1863 in Gundagai, NSW^²⁶ and died in 1863 in Gundagai, NSW.^²⁷ Another name for Mary was Millie.

11 F vi. Elizabeth Elphick was born in 1865 in Gundagai, NSW^²⁸ and died in 1946 in Tumut, NSW^²⁹ at age 81.

12 M vii. Henry Elphick was born on January 17, 1868 in Big Ben Creek, Gundagai, NSW,^³⁰ died on April 21, 1932 in Annandale, NSW^³¹ at age 64, and was buried in Tumut Cemetery, NSW.

14 F ix. Esther Elphick was born in 1872 in Gundagai, NSW^³⁴ and died in 1967 in Newtown, NSW^³⁵ at age 95.

M x. George Edward Elphick was born in 1873 in Gundagai, NSW^³⁶ and died in 1874 in Gundagai, NSW^³⁷ at age 1.

M xi. Edward John Elphick was born in 1875 in Gundagai, NSW^³⁸ and died in 1875 in Gundagai, NSW.^³⁹

15 F xii. Fanny Elphick was born in 1877 in Gundagai, NSW^⁴⁰ and died in 1957 in Tumut, NSW^⁴¹ at age 80.

3. James Thomas (James¹) was born on October 8, 1843 in Camden, NSW,^⁵ was baptised on March 18, 1849 in Picton Parish, NSW, died on March 29, 1911 in Tumut, NSW^⁶ at age 67, and was buried on March 29, 1911 in Tumut Cemetery, NSW.

James married Emma Elizabeth Middleton, daughter of William Middleton and Harriett Rutherford, on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW.⁴² Emma was born on December 2, 1850 in Belfast, VIC, was baptised on December 27, 1852 in Belfast, VIC, died on April 12, 1886 in Kiandra, NSW^⁴³ at age 35, and was buried on April 14, 1886 in Kiandra, NSW.

16 M i. Patrick Charles Thomas was born on May 7, 1880 in Kiandra, NSW,^⁴⁴ was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died in 1956 in Tumut, NSW^⁴⁵ at age 76.

17 M ii. James Thomas was born on May 10, 1881 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW, was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died on August 9, 1939 in Tumut, NSW^⁴⁶ at age 58.

18 F iii. Alice Maria Jane Thomas was born on June 12, 1882 in Kiandra, NSW, was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died on February 28, 1971 in Ryde, NSW^⁴⁷ at age 88.

19 F iv. Sarah Jane Thomas was born on January 25, 1884 in Kiandra, NSW^⁴⁸ and died in 1941 at age 57.

20 M vi. Abraham Thomas was born on April 1, 1886 in Kiandra, NSW,^⁵⁰ died on October 3, 1955 in Queanbeyan, NSW^⁵¹ at age 69, and was buried on October 5, 1955 in Methodist Cemetery, Canberra, ACT.

4. John Thomas (James¹) was born in 1845 in Camden, NSW^⁷ and died in 1926 in West Wyalong, NSW^⁸ at age 81.

John married Mary Jane Belcher, daughter of John George Belcher and Frances Nancarrow, in 1878 in Cooma, NSW.⁵² Mary was born in 1862 in Cooma, NSW^⁵³ and died circa 1889 at age 27.

M i. John George Thomas was born in 1879 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW^⁵⁴ and died in 1901 in Tumut, NSW^⁵⁵ at age 22. The cause of his death was Drowned.

M ii. Charles James M. Thomas was born in 1883 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW^⁵⁶ and died in 1966 in West Wyalong, NSW^⁵⁷ at age 83.

Charles married Eva Honor Hatcher, daughter of William Henry Hatcher and Susan, in 1909 in Coolamon, NSW.⁵⁸ Eva was born in 1879 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.^⁵⁹

F iii. Olive Delilah Thomas was born in 1884 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW,^⁶⁰ was baptised in Tumut Anglican Church, and died in 1960 in Chatswood, NSW^⁶¹ at age 76.

Olive next married Theodore R. E. Angermunde, son of Theodore N. R. Angermunde and Emilie, in 1914 in Newtown, NSW.⁶³ Theodore died in 1923 in Newtown, NSW.^⁶⁴

Olive next married William Forsyth McMiles, son of Joseph McMiles and Elizabeth, in 1947 in Five Dock, NSW.⁶⁵ William died in 1968 in Wyong, NSW.^⁶⁶

F iv. Tasmaina Mary Millicent Thomas was born in 1886 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW,^⁶⁷ was baptised in Tumut Anglican Church, and died on April 28, 1974 in Kensington, NSW^⁶⁸ at age 88.

Tasmaina married Albert Bellingham, son of Henry Bellingham and Rebecca Channon, in 1907 in Tumut, NSW.⁶⁹ Albert was born in 1882 in Camden, NSW^⁷⁰ and died in 1960 in Chatswood, NSW^⁷¹ at age 78.

John next married Phoebe Oddy, daughter of William Oddy and Jemima McAlister, in 1904 in Tumut, NSW.⁷² Phoebe died in 1908 in Tumut, NSW.^⁷³

M i. Harry Thomas was born in 1905 in Kiandra, NSW^⁷⁴ and died in 1973 in West Wyalong, NSW^⁷⁵ at age 68.

5. Abraham Thomas (James¹) was born in 1848 in NSW^⁹ and died in 1923 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰ at age 75.

Abraham married Rebecca Priscilla Hetherington, daughter of Christopher Hetherington and Catherine Duffy, in 1894 in Kiandra, NSW.⁷⁹ Rebecca was born on September 5, 1874 in Cooma, NSW^⁸⁰ and died on September 8, 1895 in Tumut, NSW^⁸¹ at age 21.

M i. Mark Alexander Edgel Thomas was born in 1895 in Tumut, NSW^⁸² and died in 1947 in Cootamundra, NSW^⁸³ at age 52.

Mark married Ethel May Jeffery, daughter of Albert Edward Danvers and Ada Jeffery, on January 27, 1920 in Tumut, NSW.⁸⁴ Ethel was born on July 9, 1900 in Tumut, NSW^⁸⁵ and died on June 15, 1934 in Tumut, NSW^⁸⁶ at age 33. Another name for Ethel was Ethel M Danvers.

6. Samuel Thomas (James¹) was born in 1850 in NSW,^¹¹ was baptised on August 4, 1850 in St. John's Church of England, Camden, NSW, and died in 1884 in Cooma, NSW^¹² at age 34. The cause of his death was wagon accident.

Samuel married Catherine Hannah Smith, daughter of John Smith and Catherine Ebzery, on May 9, 1882 in Cooma, NSW.⁸⁸ Catherine was born in 1863 in Braidwood, NSW^⁸⁹ and died on March 24, 1950 in Tumut, NSW^⁹⁰ at age 87.

M i. Herbert James Thomas was born on March 10, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW^⁹¹ and died in 1885 in Cooma, NSW^⁹² at age 2.

M ii. Samuel Thomas Thomas was born on June 25, 1884 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW^⁹³ and died in 1928 in Tumut, NSW^⁹⁴ at age 44.

7. George William Thomas (James¹) was born on March 28, 1852 in "Cherith Oaks", Camden, NSW,^¹⁴ died on June 1, 1928 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁵ at age 76, and was buried in Wagga Wagga Cemetery, NSW.

George married Mary Ann Smith, daughter of John Smith and Catherine Ebzery, on July 28, 1875 in Mr Elphick’s residence South Gundagai NSW.⁹⁵ Mary was born on September 18, 1857 in Braidwood, NSW,^⁹⁶ died on December 18, 1910 in "Woodlands" Jounama, Yarrangobilly, NSW^⁹⁷ at age 53, and was buried on December 20, 1910 in Yarrongobilly Cemetery, NSW Church of England section. The cause of her death was Diabetes.

Marriage Notes: Mary Anne's father John Smith had to give consent as she was underage; It Reads: The consent of John Smith of Kiandra Father of the Bride was given to the marriage of Mary Smith with George William Thomas the said Mary Smith being under the age of twenty-one years.....Samuel Bealy Holt Minister or Registrar 28th Day of July 1875. Samuel Holt was the Church of England Clergy.
Information supplied by Marg [mldargyll@bigpond.com]

21 F i. Mary Ann Thomas was born on June 18, 1874 in Kiandra, NSW^⁹⁸ and died on July 26, 1941 in Eastwood, NSW^⁹⁹ at age 67.

M iii. Frank Thomas was born in 1877 in Cooma, NSW^¹⁰² and died in 1877 in Cooma, NSW.^¹⁰³

23 M iv. Abraham Albert Thomas was born on May 25, 1878 in Kiandra, NSW, died on November 14, 1953 in Welshpool, VIC at age 75, and was buried in Yarram, VIC.

M v. Donald Duncan Thomas was born on March 10, 1880 in Kiandra, NSW^¹⁰⁴ and died on May 14, 1928 in Llaurel Hill, NSW^¹⁰⁵ at age 48.

Donald married Mary Jane Beattie, daughter of Peter Briggs Beattie and Mary Henrietta McAlister,. Mary was born in 1874 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰⁶ and died in 1953 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰⁷ at age 79.

25 F vii. Ettie Frances Martha Thomas was born on October 30, 1885 in Kiandra, NSW,^¹¹⁰ died on February 25, 1936 in Cooma, NSW^¹¹¹ at age 50, and was buried on February 26, 1936 in Cooma Cemetery, NSW Grave 902 Church of England section.

F ix. Dorie Catherine Ebzery Thomas was born on April 19, 1894 in Kiandra, NSW^¹¹⁴ and died on July 11, 1972 in Ryde, NSW^¹¹⁵ at age 78.

Dorie married Clarence Spencer Bruce Inglis, son of Charles Malcolm Inglis and Christina Mary Beatrice Angel, in 1920 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.¹¹⁶ Clarence was born in 1897 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹¹⁷ and died on February 2, 1964 in Eastwood, NSW^¹¹⁸ at age 67. Another name for Clarence was Clarrie.

M x. Mark Manly Thomas was born on September 25, 1898 in Kiandra, NSW,^¹¹⁹ died on August 27, 1983 in Tumut, NSW at age 84, and was buried in Tumut Cemetery, NSW.

Mark married Stella Isabel Beattie, daughter of William James Beattie and Isabella Sarah Butler, on September 22, 1926 in Tumut, NSW.¹²⁰ Stella was born on July 22, 1897 in Windowie near Tumut, NSW,^¹²¹ died on September 15, 1995 in Tumut, NSW at age 98, and was buried in Tumut Cemetery, NSW. Another name for Stella was Tillie.

F xi. Ivy Faith Thomas was born on September 16, 1899 in Kiandra, NSW^¹²² and died on October 23, 1961 in Sydney, NSW^¹²³ at age 62.

Ivy married Matthew Roy Downie, son of Hugh Downie and Janet Goodwin, in 1924 in Ashfield, NSW.¹²⁴ Matthew was born in 1892 in Newcastle, NSW^¹²⁵ and died on October 12, 1982 in Wollstonecraft, NSW at age 90.

27 M xii. Raymond Rowley Thomas was born on June 27, 1903 in Yarrongobilly, NSW^¹²⁶ and died in 1980 in New Zealand at age 77.

8. James Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born on February 12, 1857 in Camden, NSW^¹⁸ and died in 1942 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹ at age 85.

James married Wilhelmina Fredericka Schintler, daughter of Christian Schintler and Sophia Beegling, on May 24, 1880 in St. Paul's Church of England, Adelong, NSW.¹²⁷ Wilhelmina was born in 1858 in Adelong, NSW and died in 1937 in Adelong, NSW^¹²⁸ at age 79.

F iii. Wilhelmina Florence Elphick was born in 1883 in Adelong, NSW.^¹³¹ She was usually called Florence.

F v. Edith May Elphick was born on September 24, 1888 in Adelong, NSW^¹³³ and died in 1975 in NSW^¹³⁴ at age 87.

M vi. John H. Elphick was born in 1890 in Adelong, NSW^¹³⁶ and died in 1890 in Adelong, NSW.^¹³⁷

M vii. Albert Edward Elphick was born on December 19, 1887 in Adelong, NSW^¹³⁸ and died in 1971 in Parramatta, NSW^¹³⁹ at age 84.

Albert married Ethel Isobel Bradford, daughter of Charles Frederick Bradford and Annie Sheehan, in 1911 in Tumut, NSW.¹⁴⁰ Ethel was born in 1889 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁴¹ and died in 1970 in Parramatta, NSW^¹⁴² at age 81.

M ix. Arthur Herbert Elphick was born on July 6, 1891 in Adelong, NSW^¹⁴³ and died in 1958 in Sydney, NSW^¹⁴⁴ at age 67.

M x. Frank Manfred Elphick was born on May 14, 1893 in Adelong, NSW,^¹⁴⁵ died on October 5, 1917 in Belguim at age 24, and was buried in The Huts Cemetery Dickebusch, Belgium. The cause of his death was Killed in action.

• He served in the military as a Ftr Corporal, number 204, 1st Brigade Australian Field Artillery, 1st AIF from 1914 to 1917 in WW1.

M xiii. Norman C. R. Elphick was born on February 19, 1899 in Adelong, NSW.^¹⁴⁸

M xiv. Septimus S. C. Elphick was born on September 3, 1901 in Adelong, NSW.^¹⁵⁰

9. William Henry Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1858 in Camden, NSW^²⁰ and died on February 11, 1947 in Tumut, NSW^²¹ at age 89.

William married Esther Alice Dunn, daughter of Thomas Dunn and Harriet Drew, in 1890 in Tumut, NSW.¹⁵⁴ Esther was born in 1873 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁵⁵ and died in 1940 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁵⁶ at age 67.

M iii. Edward George Elphick was born on January 28, 1894 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁶⁰ and died on March 1, 1961 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁶¹ at age 67.

Edward married Vera Mary Cheetham, daughter of Albert Henry Cheetham and Annie Louisa Ford, in 1932 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.¹⁶² Vera was born in 1908 in Adelong, NSW^¹⁶³ and died in 1977 in NSW^¹⁶⁴ at age 69.

F iv. Eva M. Elphick was born in 1895 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁶⁵ and died in 1896 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁶⁶ at age 1.

30 F v. Ethel Grace Elphick was born on August 21, 1896 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁶⁷ and died on November 11, 1981 in Melbourne, VIC at age 85.

F vii. Phyllis Ruby Elphick was born in 1901 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁶⁹ and died in 1949 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁷⁰ at age 48.

10. Stephen Henry Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1860 in Yass, NSW^²² and died on September 11, 1928 in Tumut, NSW^²³ at age 68.

Stephen married Elizabeth Caroline Foster, daughter of William Foster and Mary Anne, in 1893 in Tumut, NSW.¹⁷² Elizabeth was born in 1872 and died on August 4, 1945 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁷³ at age 73.

M i. Stephen Henry Elphick was born in 1894 in Tumut, NSW,^¹⁷⁴ died on February 1, 1917 in Wiltshire, England at age 23, and was buried in Baverstock (St Edith) Churchyard, Wiltshire, England. The cause of his death was Sickness. Another name for Stephen was Harry.

• He served in the military as a Private, number 2897, 55th Battalion, 1st AIF from 1916 to 1917 in WW1.

M ii. Albert G. Elphick was born in 1895 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁷⁵ and died in 1897 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁷⁶ at age 2.

M iii. James William Elphick was born in 1898 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁷⁷ and died on July 28, 1965 in Sydney, NSW^¹⁷⁸ at age 67. Another name for James was Buck.

M iv. John Samuel Elphick was born on May 27, 1900 in Tumut, NSW.^¹⁷⁹ Another name for John was Jack.

Mary married William Henry Earnshaw, son of William Earnshaw and Frances Theresa Green, in 1923 in Tumut, NSW.¹⁸⁰ William was born on April 16, 1901 in Adelong, NSW^¹⁸² and died in 1968 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁸³ at age 67.

• He served in the military as a Sapper, number NX87617, 1 ARMY TPS COY 8 MD, Australian Army from February 5, 1942 to September 14, 1942 in WW2.

M vi. Daniel Joseph Elphick was born on June 23, 1905 in Tumut, NSW.^¹⁸⁴ Another name for Daniel was Dan.

Daniel married Amy Gwendoline Lamont in 1938 in Canterbury, NSW.¹⁸⁵ Another name for Amy was Gwen.

M vii. Ernest Edward Elphick was born on May 4, 1909 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁸⁶ and died on May 16, 1969 in Sydney, NSW^¹⁸⁷ at age 60. Another name for Ernest was Turnip.

• He served in the military as a Sapper, number N200587, 42 D C R E, Australian Army from May 17, 1941 to March 7, 1946 in WW2.

Ernest married Olive Smart, daughter of Alfred Smart and Maria Smart, in 1929 in Gundagai, NSW.¹⁸⁸ Olive was born in 1909 in Gundagai, NSW.

11. Elizabeth Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1865 in Gundagai, NSW^²⁸ and died in 1946 in Tumut, NSW^²⁹ at age 81.

Elizabeth married John Corr, son of John Corr, in 1887 in Cooma, NSW.¹⁸⁹ John was born about 1865 and died in 1939 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹⁰ aged about 74.

F i. Catherine Corr was born in 1888 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹¹ and died on April 8, 1966 in Newtown, NSW^¹⁹² at age 78.

Catherine married Richard Edward Robinson, son of Edward Robinson and Mary Anne Jeffery, in 1910 in Tumut, NSW.¹⁹³ Richard was born on May 25, 1880 in Bombowlee, NSW^¹⁹⁴ and died on December 27, 1919 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹⁵ at age 39.

F ii. Leah Corr was born in 1889 in Adaminaby, NSW^¹⁹⁶ and died in 1975 in NSW^¹⁹⁷ at age 86.

M iii. John S. Corr was born in 1892 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁹⁹ and died in 1901 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰⁰ at age 9.

F iv. Cecilia Corr was born in 1893 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰¹ and died in 1957 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰² at age 64.

Cecilia married George Frances Bates, son of James Bates and Elizabeth Ellen Cooper, in 1916 in Tumut, NSW.²⁰³ George was born in 1888 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰⁴ and died in 1969 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰⁵ at age 81.

Fanny married Ernest Herbert Graham, son of Christopher Graham and Emma Harris, in 1922 in Tumut, NSW.²⁰⁷ Ernest was born in 1896 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰⁸ and died in 1969 in Tumut, NSW^²⁰⁹ at age 73.

F vii. Mary Anne Daly Corr was born on July 6, 1897 in Tumut, NSW^²¹¹ and died on January 12, 1994 in Sydney, NSW at age 96.

Mary married Norman Cecil Adams, son of John Daniel Adams and Charlotte Sophia Watt, in 1917 in Tumut, NSW.²¹² Norman was born on September 4, 1887 in Tumut, NSW^²¹³ and died on April 12, 1930 in Newtown, NSW^²¹⁴ at age 42.

12. Henry Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born on January 17, 1868 in Big Ben Creek, Gundagai, NSW,^³⁰ died on April 21, 1932 in Annandale, NSW^³¹ at age 64, and was buried in Tumut Cemetery, NSW. Another name for Henry was Harry.

Notes: OBITUARY - the late MR. HARRY ELPHICK.

One of the oldest executive members of the AWU, Central Branch, Mr. Harry ELPHICK, of Tumut, died at the Residence of his brother-in-law, and sister, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Bailey, Stanmore, on Thursday morning, last week. Deceased left Tumut on Medical advice for Sydney over two months ago and entered Prince Alfred Hospital, but it was ascertained that his case was serious and incurable and he was removed to the Residence of his sister, where the Services of a trained Nurse was obtained for him. His end came more suddenly than expected, as arrangements were being made for his return to Tumut to be in the midst of his Family when the end came.

His Brother, Cr. Jas. ELPHICK, Tumut Shire Deputy-President, was with him on the Sunday previous to Death and left the next day for Tumut in the belief that the end was some time off. The Late Harry ELPHICK was 64 years of age, and was the Son of the Late Harry ELPHICK Snr., and the youngest of the Family. Born at Big Ben, South of Gundagai, he came to Tumut with his Parents 50 years ago, and, on coming to manhood, followed Mining for many years at Kiandra, Broken Hill, Horseshoe, Laclamac, and other Goldfields. He had, for 44years, been connected with the Labour Movement, his Union activities dating back to 1888, when when to talk Labour was almost a Crime. He was prominent in the early struggles of the Shearers Union, and was active in the Men's Organization, as an Executive Officer. For 12 years, he held the position of Organiser of thr A.W.U., Central Branch, which he retained till his death. He having taken up the Post when his brother-in-law, Mr. Jack Bailey, was elected President of that Union. His Business as Organiser took him all over the State, from Northern to Southern limits, but, of recent years, his activities were centred mostly in the South, and the Duties he performed were sufficient to test the energies of the most robust stalwart. He started on his rounds witha Pushbike, and then, when Funds would allow, he purchased a Motor Cycle and Sidecar, in which he carried round his literature and propaganda, and, afterwards, came the Motor Car, (a Whippet ). He was a staunch Federalist, and an ardent supporter of Mr. Parker Maloney, ex-Federal Member for Hume, who, for the very first time, ex-Minister for Markets, stood for that Seat.
The remains were brought to Tumut for Internment on Friday. Rev. F.W.Beattie, Rector of All Saints, recited a short Prayer at the home before the Funeral left for the New Cemetery, and conducted the Burial Service. The Chief Mourners were his Widow and Family, Mr. James ELPHICK, (Eldest Brother), Mesdames John Corr, H. Crampton, and F. Dowell, (Sisters). Mr. William ELPHICK is the only surviving Brother. The Pall-Bearers were, Charles, Ernest, (Sons), James, Dan, Ernest, and Se, (Nephews). His Widow is a Daughter of the Late Charles, and Mrs. Smiles, of Newtown. The Family left with Her to Mourn their irrepairable loss are, Mrs. Ted Mc.Alister(Yerong Creek), Miss Lynnie(Macedon,Vict.), Ernest(Joe), Edie, Charles, Nellie, Una, and Frank. (Tumut).

Henry married Martha Rosanna Smiles, daughter of Charles Smiles and Martha Cecily Magrane Reily, in 1897 in Tumut, NSW.²¹⁹ Martha was born on February 2, 1881 in Wagga Wagga, NSW,^²²⁰ died in 1968 in Tumut, NSW^²²¹ at age 87, and was buried in Tumut Cemetery, NSW.

Notes: In 1840, WILLIAM SMILES came to the Tumut district with his Brother, James. They then owned Jerrimah Station, at Gobbaralong, and WILLIAM became associated with William Lowther in Grazing Pursuits. About 1842, he went to Gilmore, where he Married MARIA,ANNA, DAVIS. He then secured the Property known as "ROSEVALE", on the Gilmore Creek, in the Parish of Gadara.
In his Will, dated February, 1872, he bequeathed his Estate to his Wife, Maria, and his Daughter, CHARLOTTE, and, his ten Sons, WILLIAM, JOHN, - JAMES,- CHARLES,- EDWARD,- GEORGE,- FREDERICK,- RICHARD,- JOSEPH HARRINGTON,- ALFRED, and, SAMUEL.
The Daughter, CHARLOTTE, Married ALEX GRANT, a Bootmaker in Howick Street, who also Extracted Teeth. FREDERICK SMILES was a good Violinist. RICHARD became the Licensee of the STAR HOTEL. SAMUEL was a Hairdresser. CHARLES aquired his Father's Property on Gilmore Creek, where he carried on as a Grazier until September,1891, when he sold out to THOMAS SULLIVAN.
He then went to live at LACLAMAC.
On 7th. June, 1892, CHARLES SMILES was Married at Riley's Crossing to, MATHA, SISLY,MAGRAINE,RILEY, a Daughter of R.M. RILEY, the Licensee of RILEY'S GAP HOTEL. Mrs. SMILES, through her Mother, was a Grand-Daughter of Thomas BOYD, of the HUME and HOVELL EXPEDITION.
In the later Years of their Lives, CHARLES and MRS. SMILES lived on a Property of about 50 Acres, between Lambie Street, and Spring Flat.
CHARLES and MATHA SMILES had Seven Daughters, and One Son;
JULIA, Married WALTER FAINT.
MATHA, Married HARRY ELPHICK.
LINNIE, Married WILLIAM DUGGAN.
MARGARET, Married ROLAND Mc.ALISTER.
EMILY, Married ROBERT STUBBS.
MYRTLE, Married WALLACE ARANTZ.

( From a List Published in the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, Dated; 12/10/1948).

F i. Alma Myrtle Elphick was born on February 22, 1898 in Tumut, NSW,^²²² died on November 8, 1980 in Goulburn, NSW at age 82, and was buried in Goulburn Cemetery, NSW. Another name for Alma was Abb.

Alma married Edward Cyril McAlister, son of Henry William McAlister and Agnes Edwardina Vickery, in 1918 in Goulburn, NSW.²²³ Edward was born on February 10, 1896 in Tumut, NSW,^²²⁴ died on January 23, 1966 in Goulburn, NSW^²²⁵ at age 69, and was buried in Goulburn Cemetery, NSW. Another name for Edward was Ted.

F ii. Martha Selina Elphick was born on August 12, 1900 in Tumut, NSW^²²⁶ and died on September 21, 1973 in Tumut, NSW at age 73. Another name for Martha was Lynnie.

M iii. Henry Ernest Elphick was born on April 16, 1903 in Tumut, NSW^²²⁷ and died on October 11, 1981 in Carramar, NSW at age 78. Another name for Henry was Joe.

F iv. Edith Jane Elphick was born on December 31, 1905 in Tumut, NSW^²²⁹ and died on March 31, 1948 in Tumut, NSW at age 42.

Edith married Leslie George Kilduff in 1936 in Newtown, NSW.²³⁰ Leslie was born in 1904 and died on December 31, 1964 at age 60.

M v. Charles Stephen Elphick was born on December 17, 1908 in Tumut, NSW^²³¹ and died on March 5, 1949 in West Maitland, NSW^²³² at age 40.

Charles married Evelyn Alice Bradford, daughter of Unknown and Evelyn Bradford, on March 13, 1930 in Tumut, NSW.²³³

F vi. Nellie Irene Elphick was born in 1911 in Tumut, NSW and died about 1992 in Tumut, NSW aged about 81.

Nellie married Allan William Rivers, son of William Edward Rivers and Ida M. Grant, on December 14, 1935 in Tumut, NSW.²³⁴ Allan was born in 1911 in Gilmore, NSW and died on February 10, 1989 in Tumut, NSW at age 78.

Notes: "OBITUARY"

MR. ALLAN WILLIAM RIVERS.

As stated in a previous issue of the Tumut Times, the death occured at Tumut Hospital on February 10, 1989, of Mr. Allan, William, Rivers, at the age of 78 years.
Allan was Born at "The Federal" Property, Gilmore, the Son William and Ida Rivers. he lived with his Parents and Sister, Stella, until their Mother's death, in 1924.
He attended Tumut Intermediateigh School, coming to Tumut by horse-drawn school bus, and his love of horses often saw him in charge of the reins when allowed this treat by bus driver, Mr. Bob Dean, and his Son.
After leaving the property at Gilmore, Allan had various jobs, and was Employed at the Tumut Butter Factory for some years.
He Married Miss Nellis Irene ELPHICK on December 14, 1935. They were in business in a Cafe in Russell Street, but, during the War Years, this was disposed of, and Allan went to Sydney, where they lived at Glebe Point for 39 years. During this time, Allan worked as a Boilermaker for Bernard Smith until the end of the War, then took on Cab Driving for some years, before joining the Staff of Florida Motor Inns, with whom he remained until his Retirement.
Allan and Nell returned to Tumut in 1982, and being a quiet unassuming man, his main thought was for Other People, doing many Good Deeds, of which most Folks were unaware, not expecting Praise, or, Thanks, just something he liked to do as part of his Way Of Life.
Sometimes, our deepest feelings are hard to express, but Allan was a man of Courage and Independence, and fought his complaint over the last three years with Tenacity and sheer Determination, to try and save his Loved Ones from Worry.
Beside his sorrowing Wife, Nell, his Daughters, Valma, Denise, and Lesley, and a much Loved Neice, Norma, are left to Mourn the loss of a Loving Husband, an unselfish, and caring Dad, and a Beloved Uncle. He was a fond, "UNC", to Relatives and non-relatives, who loved and respected him for his kindness and affection to them all.
After a Service in the Anglican Church by Rev. Canon Peter Bertram, the Cortege left for the Tumut Cemetery, where Rev. Peter also officiated at the Graveside.
Also Surviving, are, Sisters, Stella,(Mrs. Kerr), Nola,(Mrs. Arentz), Shirley,(Mrs. Mc.Culloch), and, Brother, Keith. Pallbearers were, Des Guy, Keith Rivers, Ray Carr, and, Kevin Bowden.
Funeral Arranmgements were carried out by, R.G. Beavan and Co.
Allan will be sadly missed by all who cared and loved him for what he was - ONE OF NATURES' GENTLEMEN.

"TUMUT TIMES, FEBRUARY, 1989."

F vii. Una Mary Elphick was born on February 4, 1915 in Tumut, NSW and died on December 1, 1957 in Tumut, NSW at age 42.

Una married Monte Carr on December 24, 1937 in Tumut, NSW.²³⁵ Monte was born in 1914 in Sydney, NSW.

M viii. Francis Elphick was born on October 10, 1918 in Tumut, NSW and died on November 28, 1990 in Ermington, NSW at age 72.

Francis married Doreen Mary Graham, daughter of George Graham and Alma Inez Henry, on October 4, 1941 in Coogee, NSW.²³⁶ Doreen was born on September 23, 1919 in Hull, Yorkshire, England and died in July 1955 in Ermington, NSW^²³⁷ at age 35.

13. Mary Mazilla Frances Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1870 in Gundagai, NSW^³² and died in 1954 in Newtown, NSW^³³ at age 84. Another name for Mary was Millie.

Mary married Henry James Crampton, son of David Barker Crampton and Augusta Drew, in 1894 in Tumut, NSW.²³⁸ Henry was born in 1871 in Tumut, NSW^²³⁹ and died in 1950 in Tumut, NSW^²⁴⁰ at age 79. Another name for Henry was Harry.

M ii. Reginald H. Crampton was born in 1896 in Tumut, NSW^²⁴² and died in 1928 in Tumut, NSW^²⁴³ at age 32.

F iv. Gladys Crampton was born in 1901 in Tumut, NSW^²⁴⁷ and died in 1907 in Tumut, NSW^²⁴⁸ at age 6.

Charles married Edith Jane Stubbs, daughter of Robert Dobson Stubbs and Emily Eva Smiles, in 1933 in Tumut, NSW.²⁵¹ Edith was born in 1916 in Tumut, NSW and was baptised on August 11, 1916 in Tumut, NSW.

14. Esther Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1872 in Gundagai, NSW^³⁴ and died in 1967 in Newtown, NSW^³⁵ at age 95. Another name for Esther was Jack.

Esther married John Bailey, son of Thomas Henry Bailey and Rosanna Reily, on November 20, 1891 in Tumut, NSW.²⁵² John was born on June 14, 1871 in Albury, NSW^²⁵³ and died on October 26, 1947 in Stanmore, NSW^²⁵⁴ at age 76. Another name for John was Jack.

F i. Mary A. F. Bailey was born in 1892 in Tumut, NSW^²⁵⁵ and died in 1909 in Tumut, NSW at age 17.

M ii. John Steven Percival Bailey was born in 1894 in Tumut, NSW^²⁵⁶ and died in 1977 in NSW at age 83.

F iii. Fanny A. Bailey was born in 1898 in Tumut, NSW^²⁵⁷ and died in 1901 in Tumut, NSW^²⁵⁸ at age 3. (Twin)

F iv. Amy Leticia Bailey was born in 1898 in Tumut, NSW^²⁵⁹ and died on October 2, 1978 in Bexley, NSW at age 80. (Twin)

Amy married Oliver Cecil Bradney, son of James Walter Bradney and Jessie Amanda Poulter, in 1916 in Tumut, NSW.²⁶⁰ Oliver was born in 1894 in Wollongong, NSW^²⁶¹ and died in 1942 in Newtown, NSW^²⁶² at age 48.

F v. Anastacia Bailey was born in 1899 in Tumut, NSW^²⁶⁴ and died on December 21, 1969 in NSW at age 70.

M vi. Ernest Henry Bailey was born in 1903 in Tumut, NSW^²⁶⁵ and died on August 20, 1996 in Sydney, NSW at age 93.

15. Fanny Elphick (Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1877 in Gundagai, NSW^⁴⁰ and died in 1957 in Tumut, NSW^⁴¹ at age 80.

Fanny married Alfred Dowell, son of Edward Tickner Dowell and Sarah Ann Proctor Earl, in 1898 in Tumut, NSW.²⁶⁶ Alfred was born in 1867 in Gundagai, NSW^²⁶⁷ and died in 1912 in Tumut, NSW^²⁶⁸ at age 45.

Edward married Mona Edna Jesmine Bradley in 1945 in Cootamundra, NSW.²⁷¹

Esme married William Noel Robinson, son of Ernest Augustus Robinson and Eva Maude, in 1936 in Tumut, NSW.²⁷³ William died in 1958 in Forbes, NSW.^²⁷⁴

M iv. William J. Dowell was born in 1905 in Kiandra, NSW^²⁷⁵ and died in 1910 in Tumut, NSW^²⁷⁶ at age 5.

M vi. Joseph Henry Dowell was born in 1909 in Kiandra, NSW^²⁷⁸ and died in 1966 in Tumut, NSW^²⁷⁶ at age 57.

Joseph married Dorothy May Jeffery in 1937 in Tumut, NSW.²⁷⁹ Dorothy was born in 1920 and died on November 28, 2009 in Caloundra, QLD at age 89.

• He served in the military as a Private, number NX126602, 2/1 Pioneer Battalion, Australian Army from August 21, 1942 to December 12, 1945 in WW2.

16. Patrick Charles Thomas (James², James¹) was born on May 7, 1880 in Kiandra, NSW,^⁴⁴ was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died in 1956 in Tumut, NSW^⁴⁵ at age 76. Another name for Patrick was Patrick Charles Middleton.

Patrick married Mary Jane Beattie, daughter of Peter Briggs Beattie and Mary Henrietta McAlister, in 1902 in Tumut, NSW.²⁸¹ Mary was born in 1874 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰⁶ and died in 1953 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰⁷ at age 79.

Ivy married Edward Frederick Quinn, son of Peter Quinn and Catherine Yan, in 1922 in Tumut, NSW.²⁸³ Edward was born in 1893 in Kiandra, NSW^²⁸⁴ and died in 1977 in NSW^²⁸⁵ at age 84.

M ii. Milton M. Thomas was born in 1903 in Kiandra, NSW^²⁸⁶ and died in 1903 in Kiandra, NSW.^²⁸⁷

M iii. Oswald Keith Thomas was born in 1904 in Kiandra, NSW^²⁸⁸ and died in 1952 in Auburn, NSW^²⁸⁹ at age 48.

M iv. Douglas Lewis Thomas was born in Kiandra, NSW^²⁹⁰ and died in 1966 in Parramatta, NSW.^²⁹¹

• He served in the military as a Driver, number 2090, 5th Divisional Ammunition Column, 1st AIF from September 8, 1915 to May 15, 1919 in WW1. Unit embarked from Sydney, NSW, on board HMAT A62 Wandilla on 3 February 1916

F v. Edith M. Thomas was born in 1908 in Kiandra, NSW and died in 1908 in Kiandra, NSW.^²⁹²

17. James Thomas (James², James¹) was born on May 10, 1881 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW, was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died on August 9, 1939 in Tumut, NSW^⁴⁶ at age 58. Another name for James was James Middleton.

James married Sarah Ann Dunn, daughter of John Thomas Dunn and Emma Burgess, on February 6, 1905 in the home of Granny Burgess , Adaminaby, NSW.²⁹³ Sarah was born on June 6, 1887 in Adaminaby, NSW^²⁹⁴ and died on September 8, 1981 in Young, NSW at age 94.

M iii. James Thomas was born in 1921 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1943 in Tumut, NSW^²⁹⁷ at age 22. The cause of his death was Aciddentaly shot.

Ruth married Thomas Lyle Beaver, son of Thomas Keiran Wiggans Beaver and Alice Angelina Elizabeth Cupitt, in 1931 in Auburn, NSW.²⁹⁸ Thomas was born on March 31, 1910 in Adelong, NSW.^²⁹⁹

18. Alice Maria Jane Thomas (James², James¹) was born on June 12, 1882 in Kiandra, NSW, was baptised on January 22, 1883 in Kiandra, NSW, and died on February 28, 1971 in Ryde, NSW^⁴⁷ at age 88.

Alice married Anthony Harris M. Bradley, son of Henry Bradley and Lucy Ruth Merry, in 1902 in Cooma, NSW.³⁰¹ Anthony was born in 1882 in Adelong, NSW^³⁰² and died in 1971 in Ryde, NSW^³⁰³ at age 89.

19. Sarah Jane Thomas (James², James¹) was born on January 25, 1884 in Kiandra, NSW^⁴⁸ and died in 1941 at age 57.

F i. Violet Dunn was born in 1909 in Tumut, NSW^³⁰⁹ and died in 1910 in Tumut, NSW^³¹⁰ at age 1.

20. Abraham Thomas (James², James¹) was born on April 1, 1886 in Kiandra, NSW,^⁵⁰ died on October 3, 1955 in Queanbeyan, NSW^⁵¹ at age 69, and was buried on October 5, 1955 in Methodist Cemetery, Canberra, ACT.

Abraham married Clara Ann Eldridge, daughter of Thomas Eldridge and Agnes Amelia Barrett, on June 21, 1906 in Lobbs Hole, Kiandra, NSW.³¹¹ Clara was born on September 2, 1888 in Darquis Flat near Cooma, NSW,^³¹² died on November 20, 1958 in Queanbeyan, NSW^³¹³ at age 70, and was buried on November 21, 1958 in Methodist Cemetery, Canberra, ACT.

32 F i. Emma Evelyn Thomas was born on August 22, 1906 in Kiandra, NSW^³¹⁴ and died in 1985 at age 79.

F ii. Vera Alma Thomas was born on November 22, 1907 in Kiandra, NSW and died in 1946 in Sydney, NSW^³¹⁵ at age 39.

M iii. Clarence Gavin Thomas was born on November 18, 1909 in Kiandra, NSW^³¹⁶ and died in 1910 in Tumut, NSW^³¹⁷ at age 1.

M vi. Walter Laurance Thomas was born on December 8, 1913 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1973 at age 60.

F vii. Bertha Priscilla Thomas was born on July 21, 1915 in Ravine, NSW and died on February 4, 1978 in Sydenham, NSW^³¹⁸ at age 62.

Bertha married Ambrose Winters in 1939 in Queanbeyan, NSW.³¹⁹ Ambrose died on July 14, 1990 in Sydenham, NSW.

F viii. Sylvia Robina May Thomas was born on August 19, 1917 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1984 at age 67.

M ix. Allan Claude Thomas was born on January 23, 1927 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1983 at age 56.

21. Mary Ann Thomas (George William², James¹) was born on June 18, 1874 in Kiandra, NSW^⁹⁸ and died on July 26, 1941 in Eastwood, NSW^⁹⁹ at age 67.

Mary married John Thomas Bradley, son of Henry Bradley and Lucy Ruth Merry, on January 22, 1896 in St. John's Church of England, Adaminaby, NSW.³²⁰ John was born on January 2, 1876 in Adelong, NSW^³²¹ and died on May 29, 1939 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^³²² at age 63. Another name for John was Jack.

M i. Ruby Vera Bradley was born on June 8, 1896 in Kiandra, NSW^³²³ and died in 1921 in Waverley, NSW^³²⁴ at age 25.

F ii. Violet Lavina Bradley was born on November 26, 1897 in Kiandra, NSW.^³²⁵

Violet married John Clark in 1921 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.³²⁶ John was born on April 25, 1891 and died on February 15, 1977 in Concord, NSW^³²⁷ at age 85.

John married Bertha Mary Fletcher in 1908 in New Zealand.³²⁸ Bertha died in 1965 in New Zealand.^³²⁹

23. Abraham Albert Thomas (George William², James¹) was born on May 25, 1878 in Kiandra, NSW, died on November 14, 1953 in Welshpool, VIC at age 75, and was buried in Yarram, VIC.

Abraham married Sarah Harriett Pether, daughter of Henry Pether and Lillia Stuckey, on February 4, 1903 in Yarrongobilly, NSW.³³¹ Sarah was born on September 9, 1873 in Gippsland, VIC and died in 1966 in Traralgon, VIC at age 93.

M i. Albert Louis Thomas was born on July 24, 1906 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^³³² and died in "Woolarama", NSW.

• He served in the military as a Private, number N449073, 17 BATTALION VOLUNTEER DEFENCE CORPS PART TIME DUTY, Australian Army from February 4, 1942 to September 30, 1945 in WW2.

Albert married Audrey Mary Westrup on November 16, 1929 in Goolgoowi, NSW.³³³

F ii. Lillia Adelaide Ellen Thomas was born on December 1, 1908 in Tumut, NSW.^³³⁴

Lillia married John Howe Smith, son of William Townsend Smith and Winifred Lowe, on November 5, 1927 in "Willamia" Griffith, NSW.³³⁵ John was born in 1899 in Bacchus Marsh, VIC.

24. George William Thomas (George William², James¹) was born on March 5, 1882 in Kiandra, NSW^¹⁰⁸ and died in 1953 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁰⁹ at age 71. Another name for George was Bill.

Notes: Bill managed Murragulderie State Forest, Laurel Hill near Tumbarumba, NSW.

George married Helena Jane S. Carr, daughter of Charles Edward Carr and Margaret Petrie McLaren, in 1921 in Tumut, NSW.³³⁶ Helena was born in 1889 in Tumut, NSW^³³⁷ and died in 1950 in Tumut, NSW^³³⁸ at age 61.

M i. Alan Bruce Thomas was born in 1922 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1953 in Tumut, NSW^³³⁹ at age 31.

25. Ettie Frances Martha Thomas (George William², James¹) was born on October 30, 1885 in Kiandra, NSW,^¹¹⁰ died on February 25, 1936 in Cooma, NSW^¹¹¹ at age 50, and was buried on February 26, 1936 in Cooma Cemetery, NSW Grave 902 Church of England section.

Ettie married Daniel Broadhead, son of James Broadhead and Jane Smith, on October 23, 1907 in "Woodlands" Jounama, Yarrangobilly, NSW.³⁴⁰ Daniel was born on September 21, 1874 in Cooma, NSW,^³⁴¹ died on February 27, 1969 in Cooma, NSW^³⁴² at age 94, and was buried in Cooma Cemetery, NSW Grave 902 Church of England section.

F i. May Broadhead was born on May 1, 1908 in Kiandra, NSW, died on May 31, 1908 in Yarrongobilly, NSW,^³⁴³ and was buried in Yarrongobilly Cemetery, NSW.

33 F ii. Vera Beryl Broadhead was born on August 9, 1909 in Cooma, NSW,^³⁴⁴ died on September 13, 1999 in Cooma, NSW at age 90, and was buried on September 16, 1999 in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW.

M iii. Arthur Broadhead was born on June 23, 1912 in Yarrangobilly, Kiandra, NSW, died on August 24, 1986 in Cooma, NSW at age 74, and was buried in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW.

• He served in the military as a Sergeant, number NX4712, 28 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY TRAINING BATTALION, Australian Army from October 26, 1939 to August 30, 1945 in WW2.

Arthur married Mary Catherine McInnes, daughter of Cyril Joseph McInnes and Annie Engelmann, on June 21, 1943 in Cooma, NSW.³⁴⁵ Mary was born on March 10, 1919 in Scone, NSW, died on April 26, 2002 in Cooma, NSW at age 83, and was buried in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW.

M iv. Geoffrey Harold Broadhead was born on November 15, 1916 in Wagga Wagga, NSW, died on June 15, 2008 in Beecroft, NSW at age 91, and was buried on June 19, 2008 in Northern Suburbs Cemetery, North Ryde, NSW.

• He served in the military as a Corporal, number NX196102 (N20433), 13 L OF C SALVAGE SEC, Australian Army from August 5, 1940 to June 12, 1946 in WW2.

Geoffrey married Ursula Lilly Pullen, daughter of William Edward Pullen and Muriel Maud Ferguson, on September 30, 1950 in Christ Church, Gladesville, NSW.³⁴⁶ Ursula was born on October 12, 1922 in Henley, NSW, died on January 13, 1971 in St Leonards, NSW^³⁴⁷ at age 48, and was buried on January 15, 1971 in Crematorium, N. Subs., NSW.

M v. James Frederick Broadhead was born on April 4, 1919 in Cooma, NSW, died on March 22, 1935 in Newtown, NSW^³⁴⁸ at age 15, and was buried in Cooma Cemetery, NSW Grave 902 Church of England section. The cause of his death was Hodgkinson’s Disease. Another name for James was Fred Or Goog.

Betty married Alexander Gordon McDonald, son of Alexander Duncan McDonald and Frances Annie Bailey, on April 6, 1938 in Cooma, NSW.³⁴⁹ Alexander was born on May 3, 1916 in Dairyman's Plain, Cooma, NSW, died on January 30, 2003 in Cooma, NSW at age 86, and was buried in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW. Another name for Alexander was Kitch.

• He served in the military as a Private, number NX133031 (N268709), 2/17 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY BATTALION, Australian Army from August 18, 1942 to December 18, 1945 in WW2.

Letitia married Alfred Arnold Agett, son of Charles Agett and Unknown, in 1912 in Tumut, NSW.³⁵⁰ Alfred was born in 1885 in Port Pirie, SA and died on March 10, 1947 in Parkes, NSW^³⁵¹ at age 62.

35 F ii. Greta Mary Agett was born on November 11, 1914 and died in 1966 in Batlow, NSW^³⁵³ at age 52.

M iv. Neil Spencer Agett was born on November 11, 1931 and died in 1991 in Lake Cargellico, NSW at age 60.

• He served in the military as a Sapper, number NX71549, 2/11 FIELD AMBULANCE, Australian Army from March 20, 1941 to March 25, 1946 in WW2.

F vi. Joan Bernice Agett was born on June 30, 1926 in Wagga Wagga, NSW and died on September 26, 1999 in Hornsby, NSW at age 73.

Joan married Keith Milverton Pacey, son of William Henry Pacey and Vera Anne, on December 15, 1951 in St. Andrew's Church of England, Eastwood, NSW.³⁵⁶ Keith died in 1966 in St Leonards, NSW.^³⁵⁷

27. Raymond Rowley Thomas (George William², James¹) was born on June 27, 1903 in Yarrongobilly, NSW^¹²⁶ and died in 1980 in New Zealand at age 77.

28. James Ernest Elphick (James Elphick³, Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1881 in Adelong, NSW^¹²⁹ and died in 1971 in Liverpool, NSW^¹³⁰ at age 90.

Robert married Patricia Mary Barbour in 1944 in Waverley, NSW.³⁵⁹ Patricia was born in Tumut, NSW.

29. Alice Maud Elphick (William Henry Elphick³, Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born in 1891 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁵⁷ and died in 1965 in Tumut, NSW^¹⁵⁸ at age 74.

Alice married Frederick Sutton, son of Mark Benham Sutton and Sophia Wright, in 1910 in Tumut, NSW.³⁶² Frederick was born in 1888 in Tumut, NSW^³⁶³ and died in 1973 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^³⁶⁴ at age 85. Another name for Frederick was Fred.

30. Ethel Grace Elphick (William Henry Elphick³, Mary Ann Thomas², James¹) was born on August 21, 1896 in Wagga Wagga, NSW^¹⁶⁷ and died on November 11, 1981 in Melbourne, VIC at age 85.

Ethel married George Brumby, son of James Charles Brumby and Harriett Pettit Dean, in 1916 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.³⁶⁹ George was born on August 2, 1892 in Tumut, NSW^³⁷⁰ and died on August 26, 1992 in Melbourne, VIC at age 100.

Nellie married August Frederick Lubke, son of Henry Joshua Lubke and Mary Magdalene, on October 16, 1938 in Parramatta, NSW.³⁷¹ August died in 1950 in Wagga Wagga, NSW.^³⁷²

F iv. Clarise Madge Brumby was born on September 13, 1921 in Wagga Wagga, NSW and died on December 14, 1978 in Wagga Wagga, NSW at age 57.

Iris married Frederick Ernest Kirchner, son of Charles Julius Kirchner and Eleanor Ann Hutchison, in 1923 in Tumut, NSW.³⁷³ Frederick was born on June 26, 1890 in Queanbeyan, NSW^³⁷⁴ and died on June 17, 1970 in Queanbeyan, NSW^³⁷⁵ at age 79.

• He served in the military as a Private, number N244909, CORPS H Q V D C, Australian Army from March 11, 1942 to October 16, 1943 in WW2.

M i. Kenneth Hutchison Kirchner was born on June 13, 1924 in Queanbeyan, NSW.

• He served in the military as a Private, number NX190304 (N442185), 58/59 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY BATTALION, Australian Army from November 13, 1943 to September 10, 1946 in WW2.

Kenneth married Margot Letitia Smith, daughter of Reuben Clarence Smith and Margaret Caroline Murphy, in 1946 in Queanbeyan, NSW.³⁷⁶ Margot was born on February 14, 1930.

32. Emma Evelyn Thomas (Abraham³, James², James¹) was born on August 22, 1906 in Kiandra, NSW^³¹⁴ and died in 1985 at age 79.

Emma married Emmanuel Edwin Turner, son of Edward Turner and Martha Cecelia Freebody, on June 3, 1925 in St. Paul's Church of England, Cooma, NSW.³⁷⁷ Emmanuel was born on April 4, 1885 in Cootralantra, NSW,^³⁷⁸ died on December 21, 1927 in Molong River, Queanbeyan, NSW^³⁷⁹ at age 42, and was buried on December 23, 1927 in Roman Catholic, Queanbeyan, NSW.

Emma next married Herbert David Blanchfield, son of John Thomas Blanchfield and Hannah Jones, on May 10, 1932 in Christ Church, Queanbeyan, NSW.³⁸⁰ Herbert was born on October 1, 1906 in Bega, NSW^³⁸¹ and died on June 24, 1997 in Bega, NSW at age 90.

33. Vera Beryl Broadhead (Ettie Frances Martha Thomas³, George William², James¹) was born on August 9, 1909 in Cooma, NSW,^³⁴⁴ died on September 13, 1999 in Cooma, NSW at age 90, and was buried on September 16, 1999 in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW.

Vera married Lachlan McClure Campbell, son of Archibald George Campbell and May Margaret Senior, on December 29, 1937 in St. Paul's Church of England, Cooma, NSW.³⁸² Lachlan was born on August 12, 1906 in Come By Chance, NSW,^³⁸³ died on August 26, 1979 in Cooma, NSW at age 73, and was buried on August 28, 1979 in Church of England, Cooma, NSW.

F i. Judith Campbell was born on November 1, 1944 in Cooma, NSW, died on November 1, 1944 in Cooma, NSW,^³⁸⁴ and was buried in Mittagang Cemetery, Cooma, NSW Church of England section.

34. Edna May Agett (Letitia Adeline Dailie Thomas³, George William², James¹) died in 1968 in Albury, NSW.^³⁵²

Edna married Noel Anthony Hulm, son of George Herbert Hulm and Sarah Roseanna Causer, in 1931 in Tumut, NSW.³⁸⁵ Noel was born on January 19, 1910 in Tumbarumba, NSW.

• He served in the military as a Private, number N438062, 17 BATTALION VOLUNTEER DEFENCE CORPS PART TIME DUTY, Australian Army from January 27, 1942 to May 30, 1944 in WW2.

U i. Unnamed Hulm was born in 1957 in Tumut, NSW and died in 1957 in Tumut, NSW.^³⁸⁶

35. Greta Mary Agett (Letitia Adeline Dailie Thomas³, George William², James¹) was born on November 11, 1914 and died in 1966 in Batlow, NSW^³⁵³ at age 52.

Greta married John Frederick Hulm, son of George Herbert Hulm and Sarah Roseanna Causer, in 1936 in Bribbaree, NSW.³⁸⁷

F i. Unnamed Hulm was born in 1936 in Grenfell, NSW and died in 1936 in Grenfell, NSW.^³⁸⁸

M ii. Unnamed Hulm was born in 1943 in Tumbarumba, NSW and died in 1943 in Tumbarumba, NSW.^³⁸⁹

36. Marjorie Agett (Letitia Adeline Dailie Thomas³, George William², James¹) was born in 1916.

Marjorie married Eric Francis Widdows, son of Thomas Jeremiah Widdows and Ruby M. Beadon, in 1934 in Young, NSW.³⁹⁰ Eric was born in 1910 in Grenfell, NSW^³⁹¹ and died in 1972 in Young, NSW^³⁹² at age 62.

M i. Allan Widdows was born in 1935 in Young, NSW and died in 1935 in Young, NSW.^³⁹³

Sources

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Descendants of James Thomas

Compiled from the new Monaro Pioneers database after some additional research. 2.10.08
Plus some additional information supplied by:
Marg Denley [denleym-at-coomatechcentre.com.au] 12.01.11

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Sources

Descendants of James Thomas

Compiled from the new Monaro Pioneers database after some additional research. 2.10.08 Plus some additional information supplied by: Marg Denley [denleym-at-coomatechcentre.com.au] 12.01.11

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Sources

Compiled from the new Monaro Pioneers database after some additional research. 2.10.08
Plus some additional information supplied by:
Marg Denley [denleym-at-coomatechcentre.com.au] 12.01.11